Please try clicking the Retry button on the Windows Update screen a few times. Each time you retry, the download does not start over, it resumes exactly where it left off. After a few manual attempts, the catalog will finish synchronizing, the error will clear, and the client will successfully report its status. To prevent this heavy catalog burden from happening to other machines you reset, you should run the WSUS Server Cleanup Wizard on your server to decline superseded updates, which will significantly shrink the size of the overall catalog being sent over the network.
Regarding your second screenshot where the client appears as Windows 10 Pro despite being a Windows 11 machine, do not be alarmed. This is a well-known cosmetic quirk within the WSUS console. Because Windows 11 shares the exact same core 10.0 kernel version architecture as Windows 10, the server natively displays it under the older name. This visual mislabeling has absolutely no impact on functionality, and your machine will still request and receive the correct Windows 11 update payloads once the manual retries allow the synchronization to finish.
VPHAN