Hi,
When you purchase a license from the Microsoft Store, Microsoft usually does not issue you a product key because your Windows Pro license is already linked to the Microsoft account used for the purchase as a digital license.
Log in to your Microsoft account here: https://account.microsoft.com/services. Can you see your purchase listed as Windows Pro?
Are you logged in to the computer you are trying to upgrade using the same Microsoft account?
In the meantime, try the method below:
Disconnect from the internet
Go to Settings > System > Activation. Click "Change product key," enter "VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T," and hit activate.
Reconnect to the internet and make sure you’re signed in with the Microsoft account you used for the purchase.
Restart your computer and check.