Hello 90054882,
Unfortunately, Microsoft can't resend or copy a BitLocker recovery key from one Microsoft account to another. The key is uploaded once to whichever account was signed in when encryption turned on, and that's the only place it lives.
A couple of things still worth trying before you write off D: and E::
Don't assume it was the Yahoo account. The "Microsoft account backup" label only tells you it went to some Microsoft account, not which one. Sign in at https://account.microsoft.com/devices/recoverykey with every email you've ever used on that PC — a Gmail, an old Hotmail/Live alias, a work or school address. People often have a Microsoft account tied to an address they don't think of as one.
If it really was the old Yahoo-linked account, the dead Yahoo inbox doesn't automatically kill the Microsoft account — they're separate. But after ~10 years inactive it's almost certainly been closed, and closed accounts can't be reclaimed. Still worth trying the account recovery form at https://account.live.com/acsr ; it doesn't require access to the Yahoo mailbox.
If none of that turns anything up, and no other USB has the .BEK, there's unfortunately no supported way back into D: and E: — formatting is the only option left.