Managing tabs, address bar, and search settings in Edge on Android
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Edge Mobile (Android, Samsung Galaxy Fold 7), does not show Tabs from other devices although Sync is on and sync open tabs is set to ON, I have other Windows PCs and from Edge Desktop I can see Tabs from other devices, including Tabs open on my Android mobile.
Managing tabs, address bar, and search settings in Edge on Android
The other thing that you can check and test is by creating and doing this on another or different profile and this is to rule out if this is an issue with your profile or not and refer to the link below as well.