Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Hi. I'm Brian and I'll try to help.
When you try to log in and don't have a way to get the verification code, there should be a link on the dialog asking for the code that allows syou to report you didn't get it. This link will send you to a dialog that allows you to specify another way to receive the code.
There is another problem, though. If this is a free Outlook.com account and it has been more than a year since you last logged in, it's likely that your data has been deleted with no chance for recovery. Here is a quote from the Microsoft Services Agreement: "You must sign into your Outlook.com inbox and your OneDrive (separately) at least once in a one-year period, otherwise we will close your Outlook.com inbox and your OneDrive for you." This means that Microsoft empties both your OneDrive and your mailbox after a year of not logging in and once that happens, the data is recoverable. The account will continue to exist for another year, but you must know the password and be able to supply the authentication code in order to reactivate the account. This doesn't apply if you pay for a Microsoft 365 subscription and it is up to date.