Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Did you recently change your security contact info, such as an outdated phone number or email address where the code was sent to? If so, it will take 30 days for the update to go through.
This 30-day delay is intentional. It’s a security safeguard designed to protect users in case someone else tries to hijack their account by changing recovery info. The wait gives the rightful owner time to notice and stop unauthorized changes.
Unfortunately, this policy cannot be bypassed. Microsoft explains it further here.
If you must use the computer now, unforuntatley you will have to clean install the computer to start over, and use a different account for now. Wait 30 days then link your own Microsoft account back. This does delete all your files unless they were already backed up.