Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Just to clarify, when you say you are locked out, do you still know your Microsoft account password but cannot receive the verification code because it is being sent to your former employer's email address? Or have you also forgotten your password?
Also, I understand that you would prefer to speak with a live Microsoft support agent, especially after trying the recovery form so many times without success.
However, I want to explain why contacting Microsoft Support may not help in this particular situation.
Microsoft has strict account security policies to protect users from unauthorized access. When you lose access to your recovery email or other verification methods, Microsoft needs to establish that you are the rightful owner of the account before allowing you back in.
Microsoft support agents cannot bypass these security checks. They cannot manually verify account ownership, reset your security information, or grant access to an account simply because you contact them by phone or chat. Otherwise, someone pretending to be you could potentially convince a support agent to give them access to your account.
This is why Microsoft uses an automated account recovery process rather than allowing support agents to make these decisions.
If you can answer the initial questions I asked, it will help me determine what options you might still have, and which form if applicable, you should fill out.