Sorry to hear about your situation. To better understand what options are available, could you please confirm whether your own Microsoft account is listed in the Family Safety group as an adult member or as a child/member, and whether there is another organizer in the family group besides the person who passed away? Please also sign in with your own account at family.microsoft.com and let me know what role is shown next to your account and whether you see an option such as Leave family group or Remove from family group.
Also, please confirm whether you are trying only to remove your own account from the family group or to completely disband the group for all members. If you receive any error or restriction when trying to leave, please provide the exact message or a screenshot with personal information hidden. Since access to the organizer’s account is currently blocked by unavailable two-factor authentication methods, knowing whether another organizer exists and what options are available from your own account will help determine the appropriate next step.