This is a long-standing problem is related to the WebView2 component — specifically, the x64 version gets installed instead of the ARM64 version after Windows updates, breaking apps that depend on it.
Download and install Microsoft Edge WebView2 and run it as Administrator.
Restart the device
Test if Outlook and Teams open
Open Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc), find Windows Explorer, right-click → Restart.
Run the built-in troubleshooter:
Go to Settings → System → Troubleshoot → Other troubleshooters, then select Search and Indexing and run it.