Спасибо за ответ!!!
Смотрите, я после этой ошибки еще 2 раза пробовал установить это обновление, последний раз - из вкладки Обновление и безопасность (стандартно) и вот последнее, что вышло в логе:
2019-05-06 06:52:17, Error MOUPG Finalize: Error reading narrator reg key: [0x80070002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: BcdCopyObjectEx: Failed to enumerate source elements. Target: {c00381ca-604d-11e8-a40d-a59b1e6a85d7} Flags: 0x4 Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: Failed to clone store. Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: BcdExportStore: Failed clone BCD to ??\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot\BCD. Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize: Failed to backup BCD database from "F:\Boot\BCD" to "C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot\BCD".[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x064199] IBSLIB SetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(5), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const
unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x06418a] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(5), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CCheckpointImpressario::SetCheckpoint(const
unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)
void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x06414e] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint) failed. Disabling Rollback.[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error SP Error setting OS Switch Rollback checkpoint[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize: Failed to copy "F:\bootmgr" to "C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\bootmgr", what to do?, skip.[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: BcdCopyObjectEx: Failed to enumerate source elements. Target: {c00381ca-604d-11e8-a40d-a59b1e6a85d7} Flags: 0x4 Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: Failed to clone store. Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB BCD: BcdExportStore: Failed clone BCD to ??\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot\BCD. Status: c0000022[gle=0x00000002]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error IBSLIB OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize: Failed to backup BCD database from "F:\Boot\BCD" to "C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot\BCD".[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x064199] IBSLIB SetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(5), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const
unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x06418a] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint): threw exception.: class RollbackException: RollbackException: Error(5), CSystemVolumeSelectionCheckpoint: Failed to backup BCD database. void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CCheckpointImpressario::SetCheckpoint(const
unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)
void __cdecl OSRollbackService::CBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint::Finalize(const unsigned short *,struct OSRollbackService::ICheckpointParameters *)[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error [0x06414e] IBSLIB RollbackSetCheckpoint(WinPEBootFilesRestoreCheckpoint) failed. Disabling Rollback.[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error SP Error setting OS Switch Rollback checkpoint[gle=0x00000005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error SP Operation failed: Update Boot Code. Error: 0x80004005[gle=0x000000b7]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error SP ExecuteOperations: Failed execution phase Finalize. Error: 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error MOUPG MoSetupPlatform: Finalize reported failure!
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error MOUPG MoSetupPlatform: Using action error code: [0x80004005]
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error MOUPG CDlpActionFinalize::ExecuteSetupPlatformFinalize(895): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:27, Error MOUPG CDlpActionFinalize::ExecuteRoutine(392): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CDlpActionImpl<class CDlpErrorImpl<class CDlpObjectInternalImpl<class CUnknownImpl<class IMoSetupDlpAction> > > >::Execute(441): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::ExecuteAction(3259): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::ExecuteActions(3413): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CDlpTask::Execute(1644): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2478): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteTask(2441): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteFinalizeMode(8402): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:28, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::ExecuteDownlevelMode(394): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:36, Error MOUPG CSetupManager::Execute(282): Result = 0x80004005
2019-05-06 06:52:36, Error MOUPG CSetupHost::Execute(400): Result = 0x80004005
Т.е. обновление начинает выполняться, система перезагружается, и вот оно - старый и родной вход в систему...
И да, сейчас посмотрел: в папке "C:$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Rollback\Boot" нет файла BCD. Есть только файлы BCD.LOG, BCD.LOG1 и BCD.LOG2...