Problem with password change and Microsoft Authenticator application not working

Note: Since you are using English, although the site locale is pl-pl, I will response to this question in English. This response has been translated using the translation tool; Please forgive me for any grammatical or semantic errors. Thank you for your understanding. If there is anything unclear about my reply, please leave a comment and I will get back to you as soon as possible.  

Dear @Jakub,

Thank you for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A forum.

Based on your description, you received a phishing email and accidentally entered your password, but you are unable to change it because your Microsoft Authenticator app is not receiving verification requests or codes.

Your account is likely compromised. However, you cannot reset password yourself due to MFA issue.

Since your email is a business account, your company IT team or Helpdesk may be able to reset your Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) settings. As a forum moderator, I do not have administrative access to change these settings. Only your IT team has the ability to adjust or reset your MFA configuration. You can also refer to this Microsoft support article for more information: Manage authentication methods - Microsoft Entra ID | Microsoft Learn  

In case you are the only Global Administrator, you might need to contact Microsoft Support team via phone service number: Customer service phone numbers - Microsoft Support. The agent will be able to create a ticket for you under the affected tenant and then transfer this ticket to Data Protection team who could help you to regain access.   

To help you navigate the automated phone system (IVR), here's an example of what the conversation might look like:

IVR: What kind of problem are you worried about?

You: Admin account locked

IVR: What kind of product do you use?

You: Office 365 for business

IVR: Does it count for education or business?

You: For Business

IVR: Are you an admin?

You: Yes

IVR: Do you have another administrator in your organization?

You: No

IVR: Need a service request?

You: Yes

This should help you connect with a live support agent who can help you directly.

If you can't create a support ticket during the call, I recommend creating a temporary tenant account and submitting the support request from there. To create a new tenant, follow these steps:

1. Visit Office 365 E3 - Enterprise Collaboration and Productivity | Microsoft    
2. Select any plan and click Try for free.    
3. Complete the setup to create a new tenant.    
4. Ticket support: In the Microsoft 365 admin center>support>help & support. You can create a support ticket: https://admin.microsoft.com/#/support/requests     

Important: Please remember to cancel the trial subscription once your issue is resolved to avoid any charges.    

If the answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and kindly upvote it. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment".

Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.