Hello,
Note -
Account recovery requests generally need to be submitted by the account owner rather than by another person. Since this process involves sensitive account information, the account owner will need to use another Microsoft account, or create a new account if necessary, and submit the request through the Microsoft Learn platform directly.
Regarding the question, I am answering it generally -
Microsoft always recommends that the account holder have at least three security verification methods active. so, even if one method becomes disabled, they can use another method to verify their identity and sign in.
If the account holder has only one security verification method and it is not active, they should replace the information by signing in on their Security settings page here - https://account.live.com/proofs/Manage
If they can sign in successfully on the link above, they can change the security information directly. However, if Microsoft asks you to verify your identity and you are blocked, you will have to replace it by selecting "I don't have any of these" and follow the prompts to replace it.
Note - If you remove all of your previous security information and replace it with something new, your account will be put into a restricted state for 30 days.
Microsoft takes account security and privacy very seriously. So, there is no manual verification process, and the recovery form is completely handled by the Automated response. You will have to keep trying until you're being verified by Microsoft.