Hi, are you trying to sign in on a browser or in an app?
Go to https://account.live.com/acsr and submit the recovery form using a different email you can access. Stop repeated sign in attempts so codes are not blocked. Check spam or blocked messages and confirm your phone number format is correct. If you requested a security info change, wait for the 10 day period to finish because codes stay blocked until it completes. This resets access without needing the missing code.