Hi Ferenc. I'm Greg, 10 years awarded Windows MVP, specializing in Installation, Performance, Troubleshooting and Activation, here to help you.
Here's how to enable and troubleshoot TPM on the new processor:
https://www.windowscentral.com/how-enable-trust...
https://www.techradar.com/how-to/how-to-enable-...
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/securi...
https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-enable-tpm-s...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMT1QCkOAbM
Based on the results you post back I may have other suggestions if necessary.
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