According to Microsoft, error 0x80073712 normally means that a file required by Windows Update is damaged or missing. If you have already run DISM and sfc /scannow, I would next run the Windows Update troubleshooter from Settings > System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters > Windows Update > Run, restart the computer, and try the update again.
You can also try installing KB5121003 manually from the Microsoft Update Catalog. Microsoft notes that this update may contain more than one .msu package and that the packages must be installed in the correct order; their KB5121003 documentation includes the recommended installation procedure.
If the problem persists, please press Win + R, type winver, and share a screenshot of the result.