Microsoft Authenticator keeps asking me to verify my identity

I cannot finish setting up Microsoft Authenticator on my new Samsung phone. My primary account is ******@hotmail.com.

I replaced my security information and waited the full 30 days. My alternative email ******@hotmail.com never received the verification codes. Today I added ******@hotmail.com, but the problem continues.

Whenever I try to configure Authenticator, Microsoft redirects me to account.live.com/proofs/marklost and asks me to verify my identity again. I can still access my Hotmail inbox. I have tried several times and disabled two-step verification, but nothing works.

How can I fix this verification loop?