Hello,
To figure out what is going on here, I need to narrow down whether this is actually the audio stack regression or a controller negotiation failure on your desktop.
Were the different USB ports you tested located directly on the rear motherboard I/O panel, or were you plugging into front case ports or a hub? Also, were those specifically USB 2.0 ports or USB 3.2 ports?
If you switch Device Manager to View by connection, is the parent USB Composite Device reporting as working properly, or is the error code only showing up on the audio child device?
Lastly, do any other USB audio devices or USB microphones currently work on this desktop without issues?