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Hi @gokhan tastekin ,
There is no OOTB way to change the font size of column header. In list settings we can change font size of item by JSON formatting. But to change the font size of column header you have to inject custom CSS code using SPFx Application Extensions as a workaround.
CSS code be like:
.ms-DetailsList-headerWrapper .ms-DetailsHeader-cell{
font-size:18px !important;
}
For Reference: Column Header Size
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