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I've had this issue occur about three times over the past year now and have been unable to pinpoint the cause or a resolution aside from emailing the attendees, explaining what's happening, and ask them to delete the invite then having to resend for the revised time. Very frustrating. I've tried having the attendee send me the invite as an .ics and adding back to my calendar and also just having them forward it to me. I can get the meeting invite to then re-appear on my calendar, but Outlook doesn't recognize me as the Organizer, so I'm unable to cancel it. Very strange.
I also just tried the recommendation offered by @Yuki Sun-MSFT by dragging/dropping the invite from my Sent items folder and a dialogue box pops up that says "As the meeting organizer you don't need to send a response." yet as the meeting organizer I can't edit/delete/cancel the meeting either. It shows on my calendar as if I'm a regular attendee after having re-added it.
I sent from my desktop client and have sent dozens if not hundreds of other meeting invites in the same time period that haven't exhibited this issue.