What version of Windows 10 are you currently using? You can check it by pressing Windows + R, typing winver, and pressing Enter. Please share the version and OS build number shown.
If the issue persists, temporarily disable your third-party antivirus and firewall, then try downloading and installing WhatsApp again.
If that doesn't help, try uninstalling the third-party antivirus temporarily, restart your computer, and test the installation again. Make sure Windows Security is enabled to protect your computer.