laptop shuts down when lid closes... sometimes?

Since Fast Startup is already off and the lid action is already set to Sleep, the next useful checks are whether Windows is still applying a different lid-close action somewhere else, and whether the shutdown is actually an unexpected power event instead of normal sleep.

1. Re-save the lid-close action in the classic power settings.
   • In Control Panel > System and Security > Power Options > Choose what the power buttons do
   • Select Change settings that are currently unavailable
   • Set When I close the lid to Sleep for both On battery and Plugged in
   • Select Save changes
2. Check whether a policy is overriding the lid action.
   • Windows supports separate lid-close policies for On battery and Plugged in.
   • The allowed values are:
     • 0 = Do nothing
     • 1 = Sleep
     • 2 = Hibernate
     • 3 = Shut down
   • If a device policy is configured, it can force one of these actions instead of the user-visible setting.
3. If the laptop shuts down again after closing the lid, check whether Windows logged an unexpected shutdown.
   • Open Event Viewer > Windows Logs > System
   • Look for Event ID 41 around the time the lid was closed
   • Event ID 41 means Windows detected that the system rebooted without cleanly shutting down first, which points to an unexpected shutdown or restart rather than normal sleep
4. Compare behavior when using normal shutdown versus lid close.
   • The preferred way to shut down Windows is from Start and then selecting the shutdown option.
   • If normal shutdown works but lid close sometimes powers the device off, that further points to a lid-action or power-state problem rather than a general shutdown problem.
5. If the issue appears tied to hibernation or shutdown behavior, use the built-in shutdown command as a test.
   • Run this from an elevated command prompt:

      Shutdown /s /t 0
   

   • This performs a full shutdown.
6. If the problem is specifically that shutdown or hibernation fails, Microsoft documents a Fast Startup-related case where registry data under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\CrashControl\ can affect shutdown/hibernate behavior.
   • Warning: registry changes are risky and can cause serious problems if done incorrectly.
   • In that documented case, the relevant value is DumpFilters, and dumpfve.sys should be the only listed value.

For the lid behavior itself, Windows defines the lid-close action as:

• 0 Do Nothing
• 1 Sleep
• 2 Hibernate
• 3 Shut Down

Because the problem is intermittent, Event Viewer is the best next step. If Event ID 41 appears when this happens, the system is not entering normal sleep cleanly.

References:

• Windows 11
• Lid switch close action
• Policy CSP - Power
• Advanced troubleshooting for Event ID 41: "The system has rebooted without cleanly shutting down first"
• Fast startup causes hibernation or shutdown to fail in Windows 10 or Windows 8.1