Hi, Craig Stark
Since Notepad also opens with Fax selected, Office isn't the cause. Windows itself is still treating a fax queue as your default printer. The test page works because it goes straight to the Canon queue, while apps use whatever Windows has saved as the default.
Here are some suggestions you can try:
Remove the fax printers if you don't fax from your PC. Go to Settings > Bluetooth & devices > Printers & scanners. Click any entry with "Fax" in the name, like the Microsoft "Fax" printer or "Canon ... FAX", and choose Remove. Then go to Settings > System > Optional features, find Windows Fax and Scan, and uninstall it. Restart the PC afterward. If there's no fax printer left, Windows can't pick one as the default.
Make the default stick with a registry fix. Press Windows key + R, type regedit and press Enter. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows. Double-click LegacyDefaultPrinterMode and set it to 1 (if it's not there, create it as a DWORD (32-bit) Value). Also check the Device value in the same place. It should start with your Canon printer's name, not Fax. Close regedit, set the Canon as default again in Settings, and restart.
Disclaimer: Generally, modifying registry subkeys or work group is intended for advanced users, administrators, and IT Professionals. It can help fix some problems, however, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For further protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, click How to back up and restore the registry in Windows - Microsoft Support to view the article.
Double-check the Canon driver. Open the Canon's Printer properties and go to the Advanced tab. The driver should say "Generic Plus UFR II" or "PCL6", not "Generic FAX". If it shows a fax driver, that queue is really the fax, so remove it and add the printer again using the Canon MF465dw II driver package.