Since the SSD is readable from Linux and the keyboard remains responsive, this sounds more like a failed boot process or corrupted Windows recovery environment than a hardware failure. I would avoid reinstalling Windows immediately.
Boot from a current Windows 10 installation USB, go to Repair your computer → Troubleshoot → Advanced Options, and try Startup Repair, System Restore, or Uninstall Latest Quality Update first. If those fail, open Command Prompt and rebuild the boot configuration using bootrec commands, then check system files with sfc and DISM.
Before making any major changes, back up important data from the SSD since you can already access it from Linux. An in-place repair install is often worth trying before a full reinstall because it can preserve applications, settings, and personal files.
Also, the fact that recovery previously appeared and then stopped working may indicate that the update interrupted or damaged boot configuration data rather than the operating system installation itself.