Hi, John Blair Gandalf
Great to hear the messages are back, and thanks for posting the update with screenshots. It'll help anyone else who runs into the same problem.
About the "All tab" step: it's the All | Unread switch just above the message list. You can see it in both of your screenshots. All was already selected for you, so that step didn't apply. I included it because if Unread is selected, Outlook shows only unread messages and the folder can look half empty.
About filters: lots of people never set one on purpose. A filter can get turned on by accident, for example by clicking a column header option or Filter Email on the Home tab. It can also come across with a folder's view settings when the folder is moved or exported. One more thing: your first screenshot (the original folder) still shows"Filter applied" in the bottom-left corner. Everything looks fine now, but if you want to clear it, select that folder and go to View > Reset View.
About privacy: your email addresses are well hidden. The second screenshot does still show your first name in the "To" column and a full name in one of the message previews. If you'd like to remove those, you can edit your post and replace the image.
About getting notified of replies: you can set up email alerts for your questions in your Microsoft Learn profile settings (Change your Microsoft Q&A preferences):
Sign in, click your profile picture at the top right, and choose Settings.
Scroll to Manage email preferences, enter the email address where you want notifications, and click Save.
Under Q&A preferences, turn on Q&A email notifications.
Under Q&A follow preferences, tick Follow questions you've asked.
Under the email notification options, turn on the alerts for new answers and comments (set them to Instant if that option is shown), then click Save.
For a question you've already posted, you can also open it and click Follow in the Activity sidebar. If no emails arrive after that, check your Junk folder.
If this answer helped, please consider marking it as accepted so others with the same issue can find it.