Sending, receiving, and organizing email in Outlook.com
Try these checks in order:
- Test Outlook on the web in an InPrivate/Incognito browser window.
- If attachments work there, clear the browser cache for the normal session.
- Test a different browser.
- Outlook uses the default browser to open or preview many attachment types.
- For PDF files, if Microsoft Edge is the default browser, PDFs should open in Edge.
- Test a different network, such as a mobile hotspot.
- If attachments work on the hotspot, the issue is likely related to a firewall, proxy, antivirus, or other network restriction.
- A reported case with the same symptoms was resolved after an antivirus update issue was addressed.
- If the problem is only preview and not download in classic Outlook, check whether attachment preview is disabled.
- In classic Outlook: File > Options > Trust Center > Trust Center Settings > Attachment Handling.
- Make sure Turn off Attachment Preview is not enabled.
- If Office file previews fail in Outlook on Windows, verify that the Windows Firewall service is running.
- Press Windows key + R.
- Type
services.mscand select OK. - Right-click Windows Firewall > Properties.
- Set Startup type to Automatic.
- Select OK, then right-click Windows Firewall and select Start.
- If the issue is urgent, use a workaround while troubleshooting.
- Open or download the attachment from Outlook on the phone if that continues to work.
- If available, try classic Outlook desktop, since that is a documented workaround for some attachment download/preview issues.
If the failure is intermittent and recurring only on the desktop web experience, the most useful isolation steps are browser session, browser type, and network/security software testing. If those tests show the problem happens only on one desktop environment but not on the phone, that points away from the mailbox content itself and toward the local browser or security path.