Welcome David Linnard,
Thank you for providing the detailed background. Since your Windows installation was previously activated for years and the issue started after changes related to device encryption and BIOS key reset, I would like to gather a little more information before suggesting further steps.
Could you please confirm the following:
- Open Settings > System > Activation and tell us the exact activation status shown there. Does it say "Windows is not activated" and is there an error code (for example, 0xC004F211, 0xC004F213, etc.)?
- Is the Microsoft account currently signed in under Settings > Accounts > Your info the same Microsoft account that previously held the digital license?
- Have you already run the Activation Troubleshooter by going to Settings > System > Activation > Troubleshoot? If so, what result did it report?
In the meantime, please try this quick check:
- Open Settings > System > Activation
- Select Troubleshoot
- If available, choose I changed hardware on this device recently
- Sign in with your Microsoft account and select the correct device from the list
The duplicate device entries in the Microsoft account device list do not necessarily indicate a licensing problem by themselves, but the activation error code and troubleshooter result will help determine whether Windows still recognizes the existing digital license.
For reference, see Microsoft's activation guidance: https://support.microsoft.com/windows/activate-windows-c39005d4-95ee-b91e-b399-2820fda32227
Looking forward to your update.