Bleech. I've seen people getting this error before, but I have never been able to understand it, and therefore I don't really have a suggestion for a solution.
There is a known issue where Windows 11 reports a disk-sector size which SQL Server cannot cope with. This is definitely not the reason for this failure, because the issue with the disc-sector size manifests itself much later in the install process. What possibly could have happened was that this caused your first attempt to install, and then you tried some random cleanup - quite understandably if you did - which messed things up, so now you are failing at an earlier stage. What you can do, though, is to check this article and check if your machine is subject to the disk-sector issue, and you could also apply the registry fix suggested in the article. However, it is not going to take you past this error.
Some people I've tried to help have had success when following this article to uninstall SQL Server: https://www.sql-easy.com/learn/how-to-uninstall-sql-server/ But I have an unnerving feeling that this is related to the MSI installer cache, and it will not help.
I'm sorry for not being able to help you better. But one challenge is that this problem requires quite different skills from using and running SQL Server.
One alternative is to run SQL Server in a virtual machine or in a container.