A family of Microsoft presentation graphics products that offer tools for creating presentations and adding graphic effects like multimedia objects and special effects with text.
I had the same problem and found the cause.
When you paste part of a PDF into PowerPoint for Mac, the file stores two versions: the original PDF (which the Mac shows) and a small backup bitmap of a few hundred pixels wide (which Windows shows, because it can't read the PDF). That backup is what looks pixelated.
The sharp PDF is still inside the file. I made a free, open-source Mac app that turns it into a 300 ppi image Windows can show, and saves a copy as "name_windows.pptx". Your original is not changed. Drag and drop, or let it watch a folder.
https://github.com/Filhgd/pptx-mactowindows-fix
Disclosure: I'm the developer. It only fixes content pasted from a PDF, not screenshots that were already low resolution.