Evening Lance,
I re-downloaded the file from your link, just in case, but unfortunately I still received the same error.

Uncaught Exception:
Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/jay/Library/Application Support/Microsoft/Teams'
at Error (native)
at Object.fs.mkdirSync (fs.js:922:18)
at Object.getUserDataPath (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/common/utility.js:58:12)
at new FileLogger (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/fileLogger.js:10:37)
at new LoggingService (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/loggingService.js:31:28)
at Object.getInstance (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/loggingService.js:23:26)
at bootstrap (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/main.js:20:43)
at Object.<anonymous> (/Applications/Microsoft Teams.app/Contents/Resources/app.asar/lib/main.js:14:1)
at Module._compile (module.js:541:32)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:550:10)
On further examination this evening I noted the first error line. I have just navigated to the folder location and found that the 'Teams' folder had not been created. I have just manually added that folder in the correct location and now the Teams application
opens up!