I understand that you have your Windows 10 password written down, but Windows is rejecting it when you try to sign in. Could you please confirm whether you are signing in with a Microsoft account (an email address) or a local Windows account (a username without an email address)? Also, what is the exact error message displayed after entering the password? Does Windows indicate that the password is incorrect, or does it display a different message? Finally, are you entering a password or a PIN, and have you recently changed either one?
In the meantime, I suggest checking the keyboard language displayed on the sign-in screen, ensuring Caps Lock and Num Lock are set correctly, and using the On-Screen Keyboard through the Accessibility icon to rule out keyboard input issues. You can also select Sign-in options to verify that you are using password authentication rather than a PIN.
Please share the requested details to determine the appropriate next steps without risking your existing files.