Additional features, settings, or issues not covered by specific Microsoft Teams Free categories
Recording, yes, but it doesn't require the premium plan, lower tier like personal and family can do that too.
Live captions, also yes, personal/family/premium can all do that.
Saved meeting transcript, this is different. Microsoft's personal Teams documentation currently describes live captions but doesn't document the same downloadable / persistent meeting transcription feature that exists in Teams for business accounts.