Hi @Jelena Stošić,
For the core Microsoft Teams experience, there is no major difference: both Office 365 A1 and A3 include Teams desktop/web access, chat, channels, meetings, and Teams for Education classroom features.
The main differences lie in the services that accompany Teams, including Office desktop applications, mailbox capabilities, storage, security, compliance, and device management features.

Reference: Microsoft 365 Education service description, Microsoft 365 Education licenses - Microsoft 365 and Office 365 A3
Therefore, if your question is specifically about normal Teams usage, A1 and A3 provide broadly the same experience, with the additional benefits of A3 being primarily outside of Teams itself.
I hope my answer has addressed your question directly and clearly. Thank you very much for taking the time!
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