Hello Ethan,
Since accessing the shared folders also fails using the server's IP address, I'd investigate SMB connectivity and server availability rather than DNS alone.
First, check whether the LanmanServer service is running when the issue occurs. Run Test-NetConnection <ServerIP> -Port 445 and review Event Viewer > Windows Logs > System and Applications and Services Logs > Microsoft > Windows > SMBServer for related errors.
Also, check for scheduled tasks, backup jobs, network adapter resets, or firewall rules that might interrupt SMB connectivity.
One question: When the issue occurs, can users still ping the server and access other services, or is the entire server unreachable? This will help narrow down whether the problem is SMB-specific or related to overall server/network availability.
Hope this helps!
Xuan Nhu.