The error usually appears because Excel cannot start correctly due to one of these common causes:
- a faulty Excel or COM add-in
- damaged Microsoft 365/Office installation files
- outdated Office or Windows updates
- antivirus software conflicting with Excel
- a damaged workbook or a file created incorrectly by a third-party app
- another background process, startup item, printer driver, or video driver interfering with Excel
Use this order to find the main reason:
- Start Excel in Safe Mode
- Press Windows + R
- Type
excel /safe
- Press Enter
- If Excel opens in Safe Mode, the most likely cause is an add-in.
- Disable add-ins if Safe Mode works
- In Excel, go to File > Options > Add-ins
- In Manage, select COM Add-ins or Excel Add-ins, then select Go
- Clear the add-ins one at a time and restart Excel normally
- If Excel starts after one add-in is disabled, that add-in is the cause
- Repair Microsoft 365/Office
- If Excel still fails, repair Office from Windows using the Microsoft 365 repair option
- This is recommended when Excel does not start normally or keeps showing the repair message
- Install the latest updates
- Update both Microsoft 365 and Windows
- Out-of-date files can cause startup and stability problems
- Check antivirus software
- Make sure antivirus is fully updated
- If it has Excel integration or an Excel add-in, it can cause performance or startup issues
- Important: changing antivirus settings can reduce protection, so use caution
- Test whether the problem is only one file
- Open a blank workbook
- If blank workbooks open but one file fails, that workbook may be damaged
- Files created by third-party software can also open incorrectly in Excel
- Check for environment conflicts
- Excel can hang because of startup programs, background services, printer drivers, or video drivers
- A selective startup can help identify a conflicting process or service
If Excel does not open even in Safe Mode, the problem is more likely the Office installation or device drivers rather than add-ins.