A Microsoft file hosting and synchronization service.
This usually comes from the iPhone share sheet, not OneDrive itself. When you share a photo from the Photos app, iOS can hand over a copy without some of its metadata (location especially), depending on the share options. Emailing behaves differently, which is why Gmail keeps it.
Try these on one test photo:
- In Photos, select the picture and tap Share.
- At the top of the share sheet, tap Options. Turn Location on, and if you see All Photos Data, turn that on too.
- Now pick OneDrive and save to your folder, then check the EXIF on the uploaded file.
- If it's still missing, upload from inside the OneDrive app instead: open the folder, tap the + (Add) icon at the top, choose Upload, and pick the photos. This uses OneDrive's own uploader instead of the share sheet.
If you'd like the share-sheet behaviour changed for everyone, you can also send it to the OneDrive team from the app under Settings > Help & Feedback.
Which EXIF fields are you missing, just the location, or the date and camera details as well?
If this resolved your issue, please consider accepting it as the answer. If the metadata is still stripped after step 4, let me know and I'll be happy to keep helping.
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