Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Hello, I’m Virginia.
Some users have had success with incognito/private browsing mode &/or using a non-Chrome-related browser like Firefox to receive the code via text.
If not then your only option may be to try & remove all 2-factor authentication methods which will require knowing the account username & password, so if you have forgotten the password then check all browsers to see if their inbuilt password manager has saved the details.