Hi Ashley,
Since the Logitech headset microphone works on another PC, another USB microphone works on this PC, and you’ve already reinstalled the device, changed USB ports, updated drivers, and run SFC/DISM.
Given that the issue appeared immediately after updating the BIOS on your MSI PRO Z690-A WIFI, you should check the MSI support page for this exact motherboard next. Compare the installed A.N0 BIOS with the currently available BIOS releases and review the release notes for any USB/audio-related changes. Also install the current motherboard chipset drivers directly from MSI if they are newer than those presently installed.
If the behavior remains specific to the Logitech headset after that, I’d recommend contacting MSI Support with the BIOS version and the before/after behavior. That would help determine whether there is a BIOS/USB compatibility issue before making major changes to Windows.
I hope this helps narrow the investigation without putting you through an unnecessary Windows reinstall.