Hello Joshua Harms,
Since multiple valid cards are being rejected, please avoid making more attempts for about 24 hours. Repeated failures can sometimes trigger a temporary security restriction, and continuing to retry may prolong it.
After waiting, try once in an InPrivate or Incognito window, preferably using a different connection such as mobile data. Make sure that no VPN or proxy is active.
If you use a third-party antivirus or security suite, its web-protection feature may occasionally interfere with the checkout or bank-verification page. Temporarily turn it off and try the purchase again. Remember to turn it back on immediately afterward.
It is also worth calling the card issuer and asking them to check the attempted Microsoft transaction specifically. Ask whether the card has a separate limit or restriction for online, international, digital-content, or recurring payments.