Have you had a chance to try the steps in the AI Answer? If so, let me know which ones you tried and what happened.
Since both the keyboard volume keys and the buttons on the Surface itself aren’t responding, try shutting the Surface down completely, then hold the power button for a full 20 seconds before turning it back on.
If you’re using a detachable Type Cover, remove it and check the connectors for dirt or visible damage before reconnecting it. Also, press the Fn key once so its light is off, then test the volume keys again.
What Surface model and Windows version are you using? Do other top-row keys, such as the brightness controls, still work and did this start after an update or another recent change?
If the problem continues, open the Surface app and run the checks under Help & support. Let me know what it finds and we can narrow down whether this is related to the keyboard, the physical buttons or the Surface firmware.