Since both ports failed at the same time, I would check whether this is a power, driver, or hardware problem before treating the ports as dead.
First, test with a different USB-C cable and a simple device, such as a USB flash drive, and note whether the Surface charges through USB-C. If nothing is detected at all, that points more toward hardware or firmware than toward one device.
Next, do a full shutdown, not a normal restart. Hold the power button for about 20 seconds until the screen stays off, wait a few seconds, then turn it on again.
Then check Device Manager again, including View, then Show hidden devices, and look under Universal Serial Bus controllers for a device with a warning or an error code. Note the code before removing anything again.
I would also run the Surface Diagnostic Toolkit and install any Surface firmware or driver update it offers. Then test in UEFI. To reach UEFI, turn the Surface off, hold Volume Up, press and release Power, and keep holding Volume Up until UEFI appears. If a USB device is still not detected there, that points to hardware.
If UEFI also sees nothing, I would contact Surface support, because both ports failing together after a driver reinstall is often a hardware fault.