If the duplicates are files with the computer name added to the filename, the documented cause is expired or stale OneDrive credentials. Since credentials were already refreshed, the next supported step is to clear the local OneDrive sign-in cache, then reinstall OneDrive if it still recurs.
On Windows:
- Press Windows key + R.
- Enter %localappdata%\Microsoft\OneDrive\settings and select OK.
- Delete PreSignInSettingsConfig.json.
- Start OneDrive again and check whether new duplicates stop appearing.
If the issue continues:
- Uninstall OneDrive.
- Reinstall it using Download for Windows.
Microsoft also notes that uninstalling OneDrive does not delete files or data from OneDrive. Files remain available through OneDrive.com.
If the duplicates are not related to OneDrive filenames that include the device name, the provided material does not document a general Windows feature that automatically duplicates files.