Hi Emre Anlan,
Thanks for sharing such detailed findings. Do you remember whether this started after a specific Windows update or the upgrade to 25H2? Also, have you already run DISM and SFC?
Since KB5007651 keeps returning, I suggest resetting the Windows Update components to clear any stuck update files or registration state. Please open Command Prompt as administrator, then run these commands one at a time:
net stop bits
net stop wuauserv
ren %systemroot%\softwaredistribution softwaredistribution.bak
ren %systemroot%\system32\catroot2 catroot2.bak
net start bits
net start wuauserv
Restart the PC afterward, then check for updates again. These commands follow Microsoft’s documented advanced troubleshooting method for refreshing the Windows Update folders.
If the issue remains, the next supported option would be Settings > System > Recovery > Fix problems using Windows Update > Reinstall now. This repairs Windows while keeping your files, apps and settings. Please back up your important files first as a precaution.
Let me know whether the Windows Security platform version changes after completing the reset.