A cloud-based identity and access management service for securing user authentication and resource access
Thank you for your reply. That seems to allow it to submit it indeed! It would probably be nice if the documentation also mentions this need for a Base64Url encoded key specifically. The documentation unfortunately only seems to reference RFC7517, while your link refers to RFC7518.
At the moment I cannot verify if the key that is uploaded works, as we have switched to using the uploadsecret endpoint instead, which currently does not need Base64Url encoding and is also documented as a plain-text upload.
I will mark your answer as accepted. Thanks again. :)