Afsendelse, modtagelse og organisering af mail i Outlook.com
This pattern is consistent with a server-side Outlook.com mailbox problem, not a Microsoft account sign-in problem.
I cannot query Microsoft's internal Exchange/Outlook.com backend to see the provisioning state of your individual mailbox as an "independent advisor." Microsoft Community participants cannot do that either. Microsoft's public service-health page only reports broader service incidents and does not provide the health or provisioning state of a specific personal mailbox.
However, helping others in this community for years, I see this type of error from time to time and they are typically temporary and would resolve itself after some time.